Individual and Command Responsibility for Crimes against Humanity in Syria

This report is based on more than 60 interviews with defectors from the Syrian military and intelligence agencies. The defectors provided detailed information about their units’ participation in attacks, abuses against Syrian citizens, and the orders they received from commanders and officials at various levels, who are named in the report.
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ISBN: 1-56432-842-2
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“By All Means Necessary!”
Map of Syria
Summary
Methodology
I. Background
II. Individual and Command Responsibility for Crimes against Humanity
III. Repercussions for Disobeying Illegal Orders
IV. Syrian Government Response
V. International Response
VI. Recommendations
Acknowledgments
Appendix 1: Structure and Command of Armed Forces and Intelligence Agencies
Appendix 2: Military Terminology